a. Kalimat nominal
POSITIVE
SUBJECT + TO BE + COMPLEMENT
I + am + complement
He/She/It + is + complement
They/we/you + are + complement
NEGATIVE
SUBJECT + TO BE NOT + COMPLEMENT
I + am not + complement
He/She/It + is not + complement
They/we/you + are not + complement
YES-NO QUESTION
TO BE + SUBJECT + COMPLEMENT
Am + I + complement ?
Is + He/She/It + complement ?
Are + They/We/You + complement ?
WH-WORD QUESTION
QUESTION WORD/QW + TO BE + SUBJECT + COMPLEMENT
Question word/QW + Am + I + complement ?
Question word/QW + Is + He/She/It + complement ?
Question word/QW + Are + They + complement ?
KALIMAT NOMINAL ADALAH KALIMAT YANG PREDIKATNYA BUKAN KATA KERJA, DENGAN DEMIKIAN TIDAK DIPERLUKAN KATA KERJA (VERB) DAN DALAM KALIMAT NOMINAL DIPAKAI TO BE.
A. Subject
• Personal Pronoun
I , You, He , She, It, We, They
• Noun
A soldier, an elephant, tables, books, dictionaries, farmers, etc
B. Complement
• Adjective
Happy, sad, interesting, big, small, hot, cool, young, old, balck, blue, thin, etc
• Noun
A Lawyer, student, a car, a hotel, apples, houses, a table. Etc
• Adverd
At home, in the garden, in the morning, at midnight, in the kitchen, here, there, etc
C. To Be
Am = I
Are = They/ We/You
Is = He/she/It
D. Yes/No Question
Yes or No
E. WH Question
Where (menanyakan tempat) : di mana
When (menanyakan waktu) : kapan
Why (menanyakan sebab/alasan) : mengapa
What (menanyakan subjed) : Apa/apakah
What time (menanyakan waktu) : jam berapa
What colour (menanyakan warna) : apakah warna
What kind (menanyakan jenis)
What size (menanyakan ukuran)
How (menanyakan cara/kabar) : bagaimana
How old (menanyakan usia) : berapa umur
How often (menanyakan frekuensi) : berapa sering
How many (menanyakan jumlah) : berapa banyak
How much (menanyakan jumlah/harga) : berapa banyak/harga
How fast (menanyakan kecepatan) : berapa cepat
Who (menanyakan orang/subjek) : siapa
Whom (menanyakan orang/obyek) : siapa
Whose (menanyakan milik) : punya siapakah
b. Kalimat verbal
POSITIVE
SUBJECT + VERB 1 (S/ES) + OBJECT/ADVERB
He/She/It + Verb 1 + s/es + Object/adverb
They/We/I/You + Verb 1 + Object/adverb
NEGATIVE
SUBJECT + DO/DOES NOT + VERB 1 + OBJECT/ADVERB
He/She/It + Does not + Verb 1 + Object/adverb
They/We/I/You + Do not + Verb 1 + Object/adverb
YES-NO QUESTION
DO/DOES + SUBJECT + VERB 1 + OBJECT/ADVERB
Does + He/She/It + Verb 1 + Object/Adverb
Do + They/We/You + Verb 1 + Object/Adverb
WH WORD QUESTION
QUESTION WORD+ DO/DOES + SUBJECT + VERB 1+ OBJECT/ADVERB ?
Question word + Does + He/She/It + Verb 1 + Object/Adverb?
Question word + Do + They/We/I/You + Verb1 +Object/Adverd?
Aturan menambah e/es pada kata kerja(verb 1) adalah sebagai berikut:
1. Ditambah es
Apabila bertemu kata yang huruf akhirnya ch, o, sh, ss, x, dan y yang didahului konsonan
THEY/WE/I/YOU HE/SHE/IT
CATCH CATCHES
WATCH WATCHES
DO DOES
GO GOES
WASH WASHES
BRUSH BRUSHES
KISS KISSES
MISS MISSES
FIX FIXES
MIX MIXES
CRY CRIES
STUDY STUDIES
PLAY PLAYS
DESTROY DESTROYS
2. Selain tersebut di atas di tambah s
THEY/WE/I/YOU HE/SHE/IT
GIVE GIVES
PLAN PLANS
WANT WANTS
DRINK DRINKS
SLEEP SLEEPS
DESIDE DECIDES
SEND SENDS
WRAP WRAPS
BRING BRINGS
TYPE TYPES
3. SELAIN ITU SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE DIGUNAKAN UNTUK PERISTIWA YANG BERULANG-ULANG
BIASANYA MENGGUNAKAN KATA-KATA BERIKUT INI.
ALWAIS OFTEN
USUALLY GENERALLY
SELDOM RARELY
ONCE A WEEK TWICE A WEEK
OCCASIONALLY SOMETIMES
NOW AND THEN ON AND OFF
EVERY DAY EVERY WEEK
FROM TIME TO TIME NEVER
Kegunaan Simple present tense
1. Digunakan untuk menyatakan perbuatan atau peristiwa yang dilakukan berulang-ulang atau perbuatan yang menjadi kebiasaan.
a. My parent are always at home on Sunday.
b. We are not ussually busy on Sunday morning.
2. Untuk menyatakan suatu kebenaran umum(kenyataan yang ada)
a. The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.
b. The earth is round.
3. Untuk menunjukkan kecakapan atau sifat orang.
a. Nana speaks english fluently.
b. Mr. Malik is friendly.
4. Digunakan untuk mengutip suatu berita atau pengguman. Biasanya menggunakan say. Advise. Warn.
a. In her letter she says, “My brother studies every day”
b. That notice warns us not to touch the wire.
5. Digunakan pada Headline (Judul Utama) berita dalam surat kabar atau majalah.
a. ZARIMA ESCAPE FROM PRISON
b. AMERICA ATTACTS IRAK.
6. Digunakan untuk menunjjukan suatu perbuatan yang direncanakan dalam waktu dekat.
a. My father leaves by the 4.30 train this afternoon.
b. The meeting begins at 9 o clock.
7. Digunakan dalam drama narasi yang menceritakan sesuatu.
a. Restu takes the ball from Ali. He brings to the middle and then gives it to Ronaldo who standing free not far from the penalty area.
8. Digunakan dalam anak kalimat (if clause) pada kalimat pengandaian (conditional sentence) type 1, sedangkan induk kalimat (main clause) berbentuk future tense.
a. she will not come here if you do not invite her.
b. If rains tonight, we will not come to the meeting.
9. Digunakan dalam klausa waktu apabila merupakan suatu hal yang rutin terjadi atau apabila induk kalimatnya berbentuk present future tense.
a. she wacthes television after she comes home from school.
b. Rudi buy candies as soon as he gets money form his father.
Tidak ada komentar:
Posting Komentar